Characteristics & Harvest Kina Parts of the plant which usually taken quinine harvest result is the bark, branches, branches and twigs. Product twigs interchangeable begins when a plant was 6-7 years (before harvest), with minim captured image is skin that branch diameter is 1 cm. Twigs that are less than 1 cm in diameter had higher levels of quinine sulfate (SQ) which is low, and the cost of extraction is relatively expensive. Age For plants that are harvested crop is 9-11 years old how to harvest and how to harvest For thinning was 3.5, 5, 6, 7, 8,12, 18 & 24 years the number of plants which repealed For each spacing is 12 , 5% of the total crop.
How to Harvest Quinine
How to logging. : Plant quinine carefully cut with a saw at a height of 20-30 cm from the connection, or the root of the neck with a slope of 45 degrees. Quinine stem from this limit was cut to a height of 2 meters. Skin quinine released from the stem with beating it. Harvesting first cut is called stumping 1 From the stump is expected to grow new shoots, and maintained a maximum of 4 buds For the next harvest. The next harvest called stumping 2 ff. After 4 times stumping plant dismantled. Harvest felling fine day at the beginning of the rainy season, avoid the scorching sun.
How thinning: Done For chum harvest gradually in the percentage who had planned. The selection of plants that will be dismantled each period depending on the percentage of the harvest. If the plant will be demolished is 10%, then from 10 plants taken 1 plant on average.
Harvest period
Harvesting is usually done in stages ie at the time of pruning and trimming branches and twigs of the main stem. Harvesting is done on twigs / branches that have met the standard size that is more than 1cm (diameter). Harvesting should be done during the dry season in the morning. It is intended to catch a cab directly manage crops especially drying problems. to avoid contamination plume because the high water content in the bark which it should be after the harvest / debarking immediate drying with the drying in the sun.
Estimated Yield
The main stem of 1 quinine (2 meters) obtained 1-1.5 kg skin. The results are taken into account in the skin quinine levels and the amount of production SQ7 skin, so the results are calculated by multiplying the levels SQ7 weight in kg of dry skin which is called the production potential. Production pattern of dry skin and levels of quinine sulfate (SQ7) crops perceptibly thinning means the following:
Postharvest Quinine
-Sorting Wet & Washing:
Rod who would pelt which is collected in a shady place. Branches and twigs are cut right at the branch linkage with stem, branch or twig that size diameter above 1 cm cleaned of small twigs and leaves. Once the rods are cleaned, then cut along the 40-50 cm to its pelt. Washing the bark is done with clean water, if the water looks dirty bilasannya still do rinsing once or twice again Avoid washing too long so that the quality and the active compounds which contained herein is not soluble in water. Use of river water should be avoided because they feared had been contaminated with dirt and a lot of bacteria / disease. After washing is completed, drain the tray / container that belubang-hole for the rest of the washing water left behind separable, then place it in a plastic container / bucket.
-Drying:
Drying interchangeable done in 2 ways, namely by sunlight or a heater / oven. Bark drying is done for about 2-3 days or after the water level is below 8%. Drying in the sun is done on a mat or frame dryer, make sure the material is not overlapped. During drying the bark must be inverted approximately every 4 hours so that drying evenly. Protect material from water, moist air that & from materials that could contaminate. Drying in the oven at a temperature of 50 ° C - 60 ° C. Dried bark that will be put on an oven tray and line it with newspaper and make sure that the paper is not overlapped. After drying, weigh the amount that is produced.
-Dry Sorting.
Selanjutnya sorting is done on dry material reclaimed by separating it from foreign objects or other impurities. Weigh the amount of material sorting results (to calculate the rendement).
Packaging:
Once clean, dry fabrics which are collected in a clean container and airtight (have not been used before), a collapsible plastic bag or sack. Give a label that clearly on the container, which explains the name of the material, part of the plant material, the number / production code, name / address of the producer, net weight and storage methods.
Storage:
Conditions warehouse must be maintained to avoid moisture and temperature not exceeding 30 ° C, and the warehouse should have good ventilation and smooth, no leaks, avoid contamination of other materials that degrade the quality of the fabrics in question, which has sufficient lighting (avoid from direct sunlight), as well as clean and free of pests warehouse.
We will discusse on sugarcane processing in the next posting.
3 komentar:
Mr really helpful article, apparently from cultivation to the end of a long process and should be more careful and hygienic.
Mr really helpful article, apparently from cultivation to the end of a long process and should be more careful and hygienic.
When first old quinine performed and what traits quinine harvesting ready for harvest?
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