QUININE Saves the Man Against Malaria

 QUININE Saves the Man Against Malaria

Dear Readers, Some decades ago, malaria was notorious as the important disease causing dead in many parts of the world. The government of Dutch at that time made precise effort to find the medicine against malaria, and quinine plant was begun to be cultivated in Indonesian land.
Indonesia is famous as the largest producer of quinine (Kina: Indonesian)There are quinine plantations in the mountains around Bandung. and we are a big factory is also located in the city of Bandung. Out of this factory many bitter tablets of quinine save man from malaria. Indeed quinine tablet is very effective against malaria.

Please Read also : How to Keep Our Heart Healthy (clik here)

Quinine Plant is a medicinal plant a tree from South America along the Andes mountain range that covers the territory of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru to Bolivia. The area includes woods at an altitude of 900-3000 m above sea level. Quinine plant seeds into Indonesia in 1852 came from Bolivia, but the plants were grown from seed quinine is finally dead. In 1854 as many as 500 seeds planted in the quinine of Bolivia Cibodas and grow 75 trees consisting of 10 clones. Quinine harvest by peeling  its bark.

Brief of Classification Division: Spermatophyta Sub-Division: Angiospermae Class: Monocotyledoneae Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Chinchona Species: Chinchona spp.

Varieties of Plants :
• Chincona succirubra

A tree with a height of up to 17m, pole-shaped branches are angular, 4 at the ends, densely hairy at first and then a little short bald and red. Located opposite leaves and elliptical, taper or gradually become round, green to yellow-green, red-colored autumn leaves. Bone leaves consist of 11-12 pairs, rather globular, pole-shaped, leaf leverage partially red, very wide. The size of the leaf length of 24 - 25cm, width 17 -19cm. Tubular petals, circular, form a top, a wide toothed triangular shape, taper. Fragrant flowers, ovoid to spindle shape.

• Chincona calisaya
The layout leaves opposite, oblong circular shape breech, 8 -15cm length, width 3 - 6cm, downy lower surface velvety, especially on young leaves, stem length 1 - 1.5cm. Leverage leaves longer than the petiole, when it is open leaves leverage will fall. Flower panicle shape, downy, flowers gathered at each end of the inflorescence, petal tube shape and scalloped at the top. Flower star shape, smell fragrant with a length of 9mm, the strands of the inner petals bright red, tight and short haired, long stamens half the flower tube. Reddish fruit when ripe, forms such trelur 4mm long and winged.

• Chincona. ledgeriana
Tree height between 4 - 10 m, branch rectangular shape, downy or Lokos. Leaves elliptic to oblong, the base of the taper and tapered, pointed leaf tips and oblong, thin strands, but the bright purple young leaves are reddish, petiole glabrous, green or reddish, stem length 3 - 6mm. Long leaf size 25.5 - 28.5cm, width 9 - 13cm, but sometimes 7cm long and 2cm wide. Round to oval leaves fulcrum length of 17 - 32mm and not hairy. Crown of yellow flowers and sweet-smelling little white, curved shape with a length of 8 - 12mm. 7 panicle length - 18cm rectangle and handles very short and hairy meetings. Breech pyramid shape petals 3 - 4mm thick tubes covered with white fur, tube outer petals short hair but bald on the inside with a 5 angle. No stalk juice. Fruit oblong to oval premises length 8 - 12 mm and a width of 3 - 4 mm. Seeds oblong to oblong length of 4 - 5 mm.

 Crops
Among the many species of quinine in Indonesia, only 2 species are important  are C. succirubra Pavon (Succi quinine) were used as root stock and C. ledgriana (quinine ledger) as scions of plant material.
Superior clones that are recommended include: Cib 6, KP 105, KP 473, KP 484dan QRC. C. calisaya Wedd. (Quinine kalisaya) is also widely known and grown by the community.

BENEFIT PLANT
The skin contains a lot of quinine alkaloids are useful for medicine. Among these alkaloids, there are two very important alkaloid is quinine for malaria and kinidine for heart disease. Another benefit of skin quinine, among others, is to cure the influenza, dysentery, diarrhea, and tonic.

PLANTING CENTER
Quinine production centers in Indonesia is in West Java, Central Java, East Java and West Sumatra.

Spread of Plant

Climate
1 The wind is strong and long caused much damage due to broken branches and leaf drop. 2 Annual rainfall    for the cultivation of quinine ideal location is 2.000- 3,000 mm / year and evenly throughout the year.
3 These plants require sun exposure is not too hot.
4 Plants grow well at temperatures between 13.5 to 21 degrees C. 5. plants require humid climates with daily minimum relative humidity of 68% in one year and 97%.

Growing Media
-Land suitable for quinine plant is fertile, friable, contains a lot of organic matter, not rocky and stony.
-The degree of acidity (pH) between 4.6 to 6.5 with an optimum pH of 5.8. 5.3. The altitude
In the Andes region of origin in the plant grows at an altitude of 1050 - 1500 m above sea level (asl). In Indonesia, this plant likes the area with an altitude of 800-2000 m above sea level to the optimum height for the cultivation of quinine is 1400-1700 m above sea level.

O K. We see know that this very important plant has established in Indonesia in the same topographical as its origin in South America, and its existance in the earth to cure human from deadly desease of malaria.
People will have illness of malaria is as pain as have their tooth ache.
Maintaining our body in health is of prime important, so let's train ourselves to keep our body health. One of our organ is tooth, let us to train how to keep your tooth healthy. To know it, please read keep our tooth healthy.

Read more this article.Endangered Species of Animal dan Vegetation. 

Click :
1. here to enter the Endangered

1. 2. here to enter .How to Keep Our Heart Healthy 

1. 3. Click Here Quinine Harvest

 

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